Life of Being a Crown Prince in France

Compared to crucible steelmaking technology, converter steelmaking not only improves steel quality but also significantly increases output.

Each “batch” of crucible steelmaking can only produce 30 to 50 kilograms of steel. Even the top steel mills in England currently only produce about 20 tons per month.

In contrast, a converter in converter steelmaking can hold a ton of molten iron at a time; this is a small furnace; once the technology matures, there can even be converters holding hundreds of tons.

Moreover, converter steelmaking is extremely fast, capable of producing a batch of steel in just 30 minutes.

Even a small steel mill can easily produce 500 tons per month per furnace.

If such technology were available, the price of steel would immediately be cut in half, causing all current crucible steel mills in England to go bankrupt.

In reality, in the so-called steel industry, iron has no real profit; it is the steel that commands a premium price.

At present, almost all high-precision machinery needs to be made using steel rather than iron.

For instance, the cylinders of steam engines, from weight to pressure resistance to durability, are all dwarfed by those made with steel.

High-Pressure Steam Engines pretty much have to be made from steel.

Even the simplest farm tools can last for over a decade if they are steel, while iron ones need daily maintenance.

And when it comes to railway tracks, steel is an even bigger consumer.

Yes, although railway tracks are called “iron”, they are actually made of steel.

Historically, in the early days of the train invention, countries did indeed use cast iron to make railway tracks, but quickly found that it was prone to distortion, wore quickly, and could even break, necessitating frequent replacements.

The cost of replacing the tracks and the losses incurred from delaying train traffic far exceeded the cost of using steel to make the tracks.

Thus, steel became the standard material for railway tracks.

In order to meet the massive consumption of railway track laying, only converter steelmaking can handle it.

Joseph, thinking of this, immediately instructed Mirabeau: “Please quickly select a group of skilled steelmaking technicians or scholars in this field. I need to carry out an important technical reform.

“Oh, just have them go directly to the industrial development zone in Lorraine, this technology requires a lot of coal and iron for experimentation. I will meet them there.”

“Yes, Your Highness.”

Having roughly finished discussing the coal and iron industry, Joseph continued: “Regarding the chemical industry, we need to continue expanding the production of sulfuric acid and soda ash, striving to suppress prices to a level where the British cannot go into production before they achieve a technological breakthrough.”

British chemical technology is also very strong, and if Joseph hadn’t intervened, it would only be a few years before British soda ash swept across Europe.

Now with France setting the example, their technological breakthroughs will certainly speed up.

But by then, France would have already formed an industrial scale, and everyone will compete on costs to see who makes who go under.

Mirabeau nodded in understanding, but still raised the old issue: “Your Highness, the current available funds in the Industrial Development Fund are running low. You know, the investment for coal and iron factories is huge, and you previously expanded the medical device company…”

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Some parts are not finished yet, please refresh and check again in 40 minutes, the author sincerely apologizes. (The recent content requires a lot of research, it’s really hard to write quickly…)

Tundish Steel refers to steel refined in a converter using molten pig iron as raw material, with high-pressure air or oxygen blown into the molten pig iron in the converter from the top, bottom, and sides to oxidize and remove impurities from the pig iron to refine into steel. The impact of nitrogen in steel mainly concerns: nitrogen precipitating at the grain boundaries, causing blue brittleness in the steel; nitrogen combining with Ti or Al in the steel to form (TiN) or (AlN), weakening grain boundary strength, changing the brittle zone of the steel, making the surface of the casting prone to cracking; nitrogen in the steel reduces toughness, welding performance, and toughness in thermal stress areas, increasing steel brittleness.

Tundish Steel can be divided into basic tundish steel and acidic tundish steel based on the nature of the refractory material used for lining. Based on where the gas is blown into the furnace, it can be classified into top-blown tundish steel, bottom-blown tundish steel, side-blown tundish steel, and combined top and bottom-blown tundish steel. Currently, oxygen converter steel production efficiency is high, and quality is excellent, being widely used and recognized as the main type of steel worldwide. The main varieties of tundish steel include carbon steel, low alloy steel, and small quantities of alloy steel. Under usual circumstances, nitrogen in steel is viewed as a harmful element. The impact of nitrogen in steel concerns: nitrogen precipitating at the grain boundaries, causing blue brittleness; the formation of (TiN) or (AlN) with Ti or Al in the steel, weakening grain boundary strength, changing the brittle zone, making surface castings prone to cracking; nitrogen presence reducing the steel’s toughness, weldability, thermal stress area toughness, leading to increased brittleness.

The steelmaking process route for converter steel plants is: converter—LF refining—continuous casting. Since nitrogen absorption in steel penetrates the entire process of converter steelmaking production. The steelmaking process requires controlling nitrogen increase at every stage. To reduce the nitrogen content in the final molten steel, it is necessary to control the original nitrogen content in the furnace materials and nitrogen increase during the smelting process, converter tapping process, LF refining process, and in the tundish and crystallizer.

1 Refining process nitrogen source analysis As analyzed above, nitrogen increase during refining is a restrictive step in the whole process of converter steelmaking nitrogen increase. The influencing factors for nitrogen increase in the refining process mainly include: introduction from raw and auxiliary materials, nitrogen absorption during wire feeding process, nitrogen absorption during the power-on process. To understand the change pattern of nitrogen increase during refining, the refining process is divided into four stages: entering the station, intermediate sampling, pre-calcium treatment, and leaving the station to analyze the nitrogen content change pattern in the steel. The nitrogen increase process runs through the entire refining process, with the most critical stages being from entering the station to taking the intermediate sample and the completion of composition fine-tuning post-electrification and calcium treatment. Analyzing the refining process, the first nitrogen increase stage mainly involves the initial slag-making period, with substantial nitrogen brought in by adding numerous raw and auxiliary materials, causing nitrogen absorption in the molten steel before foaming slag formation. The second nitrogen increase stage involves nitrogen brought in by carbon line and calcium line feeding, and significant nitrogen absorption during the steel turning process. Therefore, nitrogen introduced by raw and auxiliary materials and nitrogen absorption by molten steel are the factors of nitrogen increase in the refining process. 2 Refining process raw material analysis Sampling and examining for possible nitrogen in current refining process raw materials. Analysis shows that slag-making agents and carbon core wires have higher nitrogen content, with a significant amount added during production. 1) Slag-making agent: To test the nitrogen content, it is found that the nitrogen content in slag-making agents is higher and extremely unstable between batches. An XRD-6100 diffractometer is used for qualitative analysis to study the forms of nitrogen in slag-making agents. XRD analysis shows that nitrogen in slag-making agents mainly exists in the form of AlN. It enters the steel through the formula below, increasing nitrogen in the molten steel. Used for composition fine-tuning at the end of refining, sample analysis, carbon core wires have high nitrogen content. It requires feeding into low-oxygen molten steel at a certain depth to ensure the carbon core wire nitrogen directly enters the steel, thus increasing nitrogen in the molten steel.

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